Iran's APT34 Hits UAE With Supply Chain Attack

The Iran-linked advanced persistent threat known as APT34 is at it again, this time mounting a supply chain attack with the ultimate goal of gaining access to government targets inside the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Maher Yamout, lead security researcher of the EEMEA Research Center at Kaspersky, says the attackers used a malicious IT job recruitment form as a lure. APT34 (aka OilRig) created a fake website to masquerade as an IT company in the UAE, sent the recruitment form to a target IT company, and when the victim opened the malicious document to presumably apply for the advertised IT job, info-stealing malware executed.

Yamout says the malware collected sensitive information and credentials that allowed APT34 to access the IT company clients' networks. He explains that the attacker then specifically looked to target government clients, using the victim IT group's email infrastructure for command-and-control (C2) communication and data exfiltration. Kaspersky couldn't verify if the government attacks were successful due to its limited downstream visibility, but "we assess to medium-high confidence" that they were, Yamout says, given the group's typical success rate.

According to the research by Kaspersky, the malware samples used in the UAE campaign resembled those used in a previous APT34 supply chain intrusion in Jordan that used similar tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs), including targeting government entities. In that instance, Yamout says he suspected LinkedIn was used to deliver a job form while impersonating an IT company's recruitment effort.

The job recruiter gambit is a tactic that has been used by numerous cyberattack outfits over the years, including by North Korea's Lazarus group in more than one instance, and cyberattackers purporting to be military recruiters.

APT34 is an Iranian threat group operating primarily in the Middle East by targeting organizations in this region that are in a variety of different industries. It has previously been linked to other cyber-surveillance activities, such as an attack on UAE earlier this year.

It often carries out supply chain attacks, where the threat group leverages the trust relationship between organizations to attack their primary targets, systematically targeting specific organizations that appear to be carefully chosen for strategic purposes.

According to research by Mandiant, APT34 has been operational since at least 2014, uses a mix of public and nonpublic tools, often conducting spear-phishing operations using compromised accounts, sometimes coupled with social engineering tactics.

"We assess that APT34 works on behalf of the Iranian government based on infrastructure details that contain references to Iran, use of Iranian infrastructure, and targeting that aligns with nation-state interests," Mandiant noted in its report. It's an assessment shared by the US government, which sanctioned Iran last year over APT34's activities.